RDF Formats¶

GraphDB supports multiple RDF formats for importing or exporting data. All RDF formats have at least one file extension and MIME type that identify the format. Where multiple file extensions or MIME types are available, the preferred file extension or MIME type is listed first.

The various formats differ when it comes to supporting named graphs, namespaces, and RDF-star. The following formats support everything and may be used to dump an entire repository preserving all of the information:

TriG-star (text, human readable, standard based)
BinaryRDF (binary, compact representation, RDF4J-specific)

Turtle¶

Named graphs	No
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`text/turtle` `application/x-turtle`
File extensions	`.ttl`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.TURTLE`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/Turtle

Turtle-star¶

Named graphs	No
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	Yes
MIME types	`text/x-turtlestar` `application/x-turtlestar`
File extensions	`.ttls`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.TURTLESTAR`
Standard definition	-

TriG¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/trig` `application/x-trig`
File extensions	`.trig`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.TRIG`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/TriG

TriG-star¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	Yes
MIME types	`application/x-trigstar`
File extensions	`.trigs`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.TRIGSTAR`
Standard definition	-

N3¶

Named graphs	No
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`text/n3` `text/rdf+n3`
File extensions	`.n3`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.N3`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/N3

N-Triples¶

Named graphs	No
Namespaces	No
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/n-triples` `text/plain`
File extensions	`.nt`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.NTRIPLES`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/N-Triples

N-Quads¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	No
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/n-quads` `text/x-nquads` `text/nquads`
File extensions	`.nq`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.NQUADS`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/N-Quads

JSON-LD¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/ld+json`
File extensions	`.jsonld`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.JSONLD`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/JSON-LD

NDJSON-LD¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/x-ld+ndjson`
File extensions	`.ndjsonld` `.jsonl` `.ndjson`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.NDJSONLD`
Standard definition	-

RDF/JSON¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	No
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/rdf+json`
File extensions	`.rj`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.RDFJSON`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/RDF_JSON

RDF/XML¶

Named graphs	No
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/rdf+xml` `application/xml` `text/xml`
File extensions	`.rdf` `.rdfs` `.owl` `.xml`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.RDFXML`
Standard definition	http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/RDF_XML

TriX¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	No
MIME types	`application/trix`
File extensions	`.xml` `.trix`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.TRIX`
Standard definition	-

BinaryRDF¶

Named graphs	Yes
Namespaces	Yes
RDF-star	Yes
MIME types	`application/x-binary-rdf`
File extensions	`.brf`
RDF4J Java API constant	`RDFFormat.BINARY`
Standard definition	-